ACE Health Coach Certification Practice Test

Which of the following best describes a key feature of social-cognitive theory?

1. Focus on genetic predispositions

2. Emphasis on societal expectations

3. Goal-directed actions based on anticipated outcomes

4. Prioritization of emotional well-being

The correct answer is: Goal-directed actions based on anticipated outcomes

Social-cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in understanding behavior and motivation. A key feature of this theory is the idea that individuals engage in goal-directed actions largely based on their expectations of the outcomes of those actions. This means that people are more likely to pursue behaviors that they believe will lead to desirable results and avoid those they expect will have negative outcomes. The concept of anticipated outcomes is crucial because it integrates the influence of personal beliefs, situational factors, and observed behaviors of others. This theory posits that learning occurs not just through direct experience but also by observing others and understanding the rewards associated with different behaviors. Thus, individuals adjust their actions in pursuit of goals by considering the likely consequences of their choices, making this feature of social-cognitive theory particularly important in areas such as health coaching, where behavior change is often a key focus. While societal expectations, emotional well-being, and genetic predispositions may play a role in behavior and motivation, they do not capture the essence of social-cognitive theory's focus on the interplay between cognitive factors and anticipated outcomes guiding goal-directed behavior.